Geological map of the benue trough nigeria and cameroon after. In geology, a trough generally refers to a linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance, while being less steep than a trench. The lower benue trough is the southern portion of the benue trough that is believed to have originated as a failed arm of an aulacogen at the time of the opening of the south atlantic oceans during the separation of the african plate and the south american plate. Recent reevaluation of the regional magnetic field data and magnetic modeling of the lower benue trough strongly suggest sediment thicknesses in the range of 7,00010,000 m. The mechanism of the formation of the trough dominated most of the early studies carried out in the area and, although, still controversial. The above tectonic background and salient features of the benue trough underscore the overemphasis on the general and often speculative aspects of the geology of the trough. Aeromagnetic study of oil seepage along the basement flanks. Estimation of sedimentary thickness using spectral analysis. Geochemical studies of sandstones from the three lithostratigraphic successions in the southern benue trough of nigeria were undertaken for a geochemical characterization of the sandstones, and to assess their stratigraphic and source evolution. As is typical of all geologic systems, the salton trough geothermal areas have their own particular characteristics, but they also have some underlying. Ofoegbu department of geological sciences, university of durham, durham dh 1 3le, u. Trough crossbedding in the waddens cove formation pennsylvanian, sydney basin, nova scotia.
Geology and baryte mineralization of the liji area, upper. Part of the lower benue trough, south eastern nigeria obi, d. It evolved as a tectonically induced sag basin, where two major lineaments appear to have crossed. They include alifokpa, gabu and osina in cross river state and ishiagu in ebonyi state in the lower benue trough. Petrographic analysis for naming and classifying an igneous. The basin is exposed over a roughly triangular territory, estimated at some 95,000 km2 1 and separated from the dahomey basin by a basement highthe okitipupa ridge and the. Leadzincbarytes mineralization in the benue trough. Geology and stratigraphy of middle cretaceous sequences.
The study area lies between longitudes 7o51le and 8o00le and latitudes 5o55ln and 6o00ln within the afikpo syncline of the cross river basin of the benue trough. Although it is less steep than a trench, a trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. Chapter 3, affected environment and environmental consequences 3270 march 2018 section 3. Using at least 20 data points provided by your counselor, create a subsurface structure map and use it to explain how subsurface geology maps are used to find oil, gas, or coal resources. Tectonic and sedimentation framework of the lower benue. Pdf environmental hazards and sustainable development of. The lower benue trough in aptiansantonian times was therefore a simple rift with faster subsidence at the southern end fig. Introduction the benue trough is a unique rift feature on the african continent in that it occupies an. Geological ikctch map of the benue trough after maliuki tt al.
The trough is arbitrarily divided into lower, middle and upper regions, and the upper region is further divided into the gongola and yola arms. Geology and mineral resources of the lower benue trough, nigeria. Barker introduction the salton trough province is defined as the neogene basin existing east of the igneousmetamorphic complex that forms the peninsular ranges of southern california and west of the san andreas fault in the vicinity of the salton sea. The benue trough was formed by rifting of the central west african basement, beginning at the start of the cretaceous period. Estimation of sedimentary thickness using spectral. The sea apparently shoaled somewhere towards the northeastern boundary of the middle benue trough. Many occurrences of leadzincbarytes are known, such as those at enyigba, ameki, ameri near abakaliki, wanikande. Lower, middle and upper benue valley in place of trough.
These features often form at the rim of tectonic plates. The anambra basin is a structural depression located southwest of the benue trough and the immediate precursor to the niger delta. Over twenty mineral resources have so far been reported in the trough by the geological survey of nigeria agency and these include. The oldest sediments belong to the asu river group see fig. The benue trough of nigeria formed as a result of series of. Interpretation of gravity anomaly of parts of lower and. Benue are, on average, less enriched than the alkaline samples from the. The project areais characterized by s teep mountains and heavy snowfall, which can combine to create avalanche hazards.
As one component of the interconnected world ocean, it is connected in the north to the arctic ocean, to the pacific ocean in the southwest, the indian ocean in the southeast, and the southern ocean in the south other. Two aeromagnetic total intensity field maps on a scale of 1. The merging of the existing groups, the ezeaku group and the awgu group to. The anambra basin in the west of the lower region is more recent than the rest of the trough, being formed during a later period of compression, but is considered part of the formation. Lower benue trough through azara in the middle benue trough to gidan dari in the upper benue trough. Geol 641 advanced petrology 3 credits department of geology idaho state university download adobe pdf file of syllabus. Aeromagnetic data over abakaliki area of lower benue trough, nigeria. Geology and depositional environment of campanomaastrichtian sediments in. Anticlinorium of thc lower benue trough by ofocgbu an onuoha 1991. Ew trending yola basins, are delineated in the upper benue trough. Little has been published that is related to the deep structure of the rome trough in northern west virginia, western maryland, and southwestern pennsylvania. The atlantic ocean occupies an elongated, sshaped basin extending longitudinally between europe and africa to the east, and the americas to the west. The mapped area has three drainage basins which are separated by water divide.
Aeromagnetic study of oil seepage along the basement. This section describes the potential effects of the project alternatives on geology and topography. Trough are sporadically exposed around the margins of the basin and typically are thinner and less complete than in split mountain gorge, though they are locally abundant in the southern santa rosa geology 15 july 2005 ss created by rebecca dorsey previous print 4202005 edit ss 7142005 prev print 7152005. As one component of the interconnected world ocean, it is connected in the north to the arctic ocean, to the pacific ocean in the southwest, the indian ocean in the southeast, and the southern ocean in the south other definitions describe the. Therefore, if all other conditions for the formation of hydrocarbon from organic matters like temperature and marine sediments are. The trough has its southern limit at the northern boundary of the niger delta, where it dips down and is overlaid with tertiary and more recent sediments. The structure of the goulfeytourba sedimentary basin. Comments on papers published in the journal of structural geology must be submitted within six months of the publication of the online version of the paper. Rome trough are buried beneath at least 20,000 feet ft of paleozoic strata shumaker, 1996. The lower benue trough is a linear intracratonicgraben trending nesw obi, et al.
Location and geology of the study area the study area bazefield is located in the onshore area of the niger delta, nigeria which lies between longitudes 3. The cerro prieto and salton sea geothermal fields marcelo. Geochemical characterization of cretaceous sandstones from. The nigerian benue trough was divided into three sub troughs viz. Nigerian mining and geoscience society conference, calabar 95, abstracts. Constraining south atlantic growth with seafloor spreading. The area has been given less attention with regards to geological studies than the other parts of the lower benue trough or the middle benue trough. Geology of the benue trough the linear nesw trending benue trough figure 2 has a length of approximately 800km and open into the gulf of guinea where the cenozoic niger delta has built out upon oceanic crust avbovbo, 1980. Leadzincbarytes mineralization in the benue trough, nigeria. Stratigraphic evolution of the benue trough and its. Madu and ozibo 072 then sub tributaries flow from an elevated plain of about 600ft above sea level, which serves as the main water divide of the area. Hydrocarbon potentials of baze field, onshore niger delta. Vertical distance between the crest and trough of a wave.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Approximately 12 bowls and gullies found above this section frequently produce sizable avalanches. Petroleum source rock potential of the upper benue trough. Petrographic analysis for naming and classifying an. There are various oceanic troughs, troughs found under oceans. Although these particular deltas do not extend up the benue depression, deltas of similar age may have been built in the lower reaches of the bida basin and yola trough and could contain coal deposits. Geology of parts of gboko and makurdi local government areas. Stratigraphic report of the middle benue trough, nigeria. The bida basin is a shallow unfaulted arm of the benue trough. The geology of lower benue trough is associated with the tectonic activities. Environmental impact assessment of such trial pits in the nigeria lower benue trough shows loss of human life and arable land, rock fall, landslides, and health effects. The niger delta is situated in the gulf of guinea, west africa.
The benue trough is nigerias main but not exclusive source of baryte mineralization. The benue trough is an elongate rifted depression in which the sediments reach well over 5000 m thickness in places and have been strongly folded, probably by later adjustments along faults in the underlying basement. There had, however, been strong tendencies in the past to merge the anambra basin with the niger delta basin as one extensive coastal basin or simply to. The geology of the gboko area, situated in the northeastern part of the lower benue trough of nigeria is the subject of this book. Proximately it bifurcates into an ew trending yola arm and a ns trending gongola basin. It has been speculated that the benue trough is an aulacogen formed in aptian to early albian times by failure of a ridge. California, stratigraphy, tectonics, miocene, pliocene, salton trough, colorado river. Mexico 116 it pacific plate wb saf s jf ef wsdf north america baja ca liforn ia 32 30 050 100 km sf p y g ila r. The geology of the benue trough of nigeria which is a failed arm of the riftriftfault rrf responsible for the separation of south america and african continents has been a subject of scientific and economic interest. In this paper we intent to interpret the new airborne gravity data obtained from the.
Preliminary report on the paleoenvironments and burial diagenesis of cretaceous sediments in parts of the upper benue trough and their implications for hydrocarbon exploration. Sediment supply was mainly along drainage systems that followed two failed rift arms, the benue and bida basins. Nigerias frontier basinsunrealized rift system hydrocarbon. The mesozoic to early cenozoic magmatism of the benue trough. They believed that heat from the igneous intrusions raised the temperature of the source rocks above the liquid oil window limit, and thus inhibited the preservation of essential constituents of petroleum in the shale of the lower benue trough. Characterization of the upper cretaceous sediments in the. Special emphasis has been placed on the middle and lower benue area in the present work.
A lot of work covering the area has been done but detailed work is still needed. It can be inferred therefore, that most of the present tectonic elements in the lower benue trough were probably formed during the well documented santonian teconism murat 1972, burke etal. Geology of the study area the study area lies between longitude 8 00. Oden 2012 reported that occurrences of baryte are found in various localities of eight states within the benue trough. In geology, a trough refers to a linear depression that extends in one direction over a distance. Get copy of the acrobat reader fall semester, 2001 dates and time. The theme of this project is geology, petroleum, and mineral resources potential.
These faults in the lower benue trough share the same history with the formation of the benue trough, and are probably related to the initial formation and evolution of the benue trough during continental drift. The gongola basin arm of the upper benue trough fig. The authors addressed by the comment will be allowed one month in which to submit a reply, after which point the comment may be published. The geology of the lower benue trough has been documented through the tectono. Geology of the area tile geology of the middle benue trough has been described in some details by offodile 1976. Jan 11, 2009 geochemical studies of sandstones from the three lithostratigraphic successions in the southern benue trough of nigeria were undertaken for a geochemical characterization of the sandstones, and to assess their stratigraphic and source evolution. Stratigraphical successionlower benue trough nnamdi.
In the lower benue an intense compressive folding produced the major abakaliki anticlinorium and minor anticlines and synclines burke et. It extends in a northeasterly direction to the chad basin, and is about 150 km wide. Application of ground and aeromagnetics as reconnaissance. An area where the surface runoff from precipitation onto the land flows together toward lower areas such as lakes or oceans is called an. Department of geology, university of ibadan, ibadan, nigeria. Niger delta are associated with deltas built across the lower reaches of the benue trough. Slope failure, mass flow and bottom current processes in. The sio2al2o3, fe2o3k2o ratios and cao contents have been used to. The niger delta clastic wedge continued to prograde during middle cretaceous time into a depocenter located above the collapsed continental margin at the site of the triple junction. The structural features of the benue trough are represented mostly by folds produced during the cenomanian nwachukwu 1972 and santonian orajaka 1965, olade, 1975 tectonic deformations. The study evaluates the relationship between synrift structures and sedimentation in the area.
The bunguran trough bt is an intracontinental deepwater basin located in the west luconia province, offshore sarawak at the centre of the south china sea. Major and trace elements data were obtained from outcrop sandstone samples. Manguelledicoum1 1department of physics, faculty of science, university of yaounde i, yaounde, cameroon 2department of. Stratigraphy, tectonics, and basin evolution in the anza. Wells drilled to basement are absent here and most of the multifold seismic data are propri. Mineralisation, paragenesis, brecciation, lower benue, trough introduction the benue trough is an intracratonic rift trending southwestnortheast from about latitude 60n near the gulf of guinea to about latitude 100n south of the chad basin. Geology of parts of gboko and makurdi local government. Lower benue, trough introduction the benue trough is an intracratonic rift trending southwestnortheast from about latitude 60n near the gulf of guinea to about latitude 100n south of the chad basin. Afikpo basn, lithostratigraphic units, geology, asu river group, turonian ezeaku formation introduction. Journal of geology and mining research academic journals. Abstractthe aptiansantonian lower benue trough was a relatively simple rift comprising a deep southern. Several avalanche path areas exist within the project area where. Evolution of gongola basin upper benue trough northeastern. The benue trough is widely held to have originated as a result of tectonic.
Geology of parts of gboko and makurdi local government areas, benue state, nigeria. It is divided geographically into the lower, middle and upper benue. However, the study area covers part of ikom embayment and part of lower benue trough hence it lies between longitude 80389000e and latitude 50406050n. Tectonic and sedimentation framework of the lower benue trough. Paleobiogeographic evidence and regional facies distribution in the sahara and northeast benue trough do not support an open connection between the late cretaceous saharan sea and the benue trough. Shannon 2 1 the margins of the rockall trough currently the focus of oil and gas exploration interest incorporate an environmentallyimportant and lightly studied shelf region. In geology, a trough is a linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance. Basement geology of the benue trough in nigeria most of the exposed rocks belong to the basement complex which is believed to be mostly pre cambrian oyawoye, 1972. This transgression entered the benue trough from the newly opened equatorial atlantic ocean and reached its peak towards the end of middle albian. The sedimentological history spanning from aptian to coniacian with stratigraphic interpretations presented. Lower benue trough as an example of structurally controlled igneous intrusion. These thick sediments are attributed to thermal sag and regional postrift subsidence that created major depocenters okiwelu et al. Palynomorphs distribution, biostratigraphy and paleoecology study.